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1953 American Karakoram expedition
The 1953 American Karakoram expedition was a mountaineering expedition to K2, at 8,611 metres the second highest mountain on Earth. It was the fifth expedition to attempt K2, and the first since the Second World War. Led by Charles Houston, a mainly American team attempted the mountain's South-East Spur (commonly known as the Abruzzi Spur) in a style which was unusually lightweight for the time. The team reached a high point of 7750 m, but were trapped by a storm in their high camp, where a team member, Art Gilkey, became seriously ill. A desperate retreat down the mountain followed, during which all but one of the climbers were nearly killed in a fall arrested by Pete Schoening, and Gilkey later died in an apparent avalanche. The expedition has been widely praised for the courage shown by the climbers in their attempt to save Gilkey, and for the team spirit and the bonds of friendship it fostered.〔 Reprinted (2000) by First Lyon Press with introduction by Jim Wickwire〕〔McDonald, pp. 119–140〕〔Curran, pp. 95–103〕〔Rowell, pp. 226–234〕
==Background==
By 1953, four expeditions had attempted to climb K2. Oscar Eckenstein and Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi had led expeditions in 1902 and 1909 respectively, neither of which had made substantial progress, and the Duke of the Abruzzi had declared after his attempt that the mountain would never be climbed.〔Curran, pp.53-72〕 However, two American expeditions in 1938 and 1939 had come closer to success. Charles Houston's 1938 expedition had established the feasibility of the Abruzzi Spur as a route to the summit, reaching the Shoulder at 8000m, before retreating due to diminishing supplies and the threat of bad weather.〔 Reprinted (2000) by First Lyon Press with introduction by Jim Wickwire〕〔Curran, pp.73-80〕 Fritz Wiessner's attempt the following year went even higher, but ended in disaster when four men disappeared high on the mountain.〔Curran pp.81-94〕 In spite of the tragedy, the expeditions had shown that climbing K2 was a realistic goal, and further attempts would almost certainly have been made sooner had the Second World War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 not made travel to Kashmir impossible during the 1940s.〔Houston & Bates (1954), p.43〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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